| Abstract: | Following the discovery of ULIRGs by IRAS in 1980's, WISE mission has promised to identify the most luminous infrared galaxies in the Universe as one of the primary scientific goals. I present a class of newly discovered distant dust-enshrouded galaxies with extremely high luminosity, including several “Extremely Luminous Infrared Galaxies” that exceed 100 times luminosities than ULIRGs. Selected by their extreme red color in WISE data, their energy distributions based on WISE, Spitzer, and Herschel observations indicate that hot dust dominates the bolometric luminosity. These galaxies are likely powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBH) in the centers of galaxies which are highly obscured by dust. Their existence less than two billion years after the Big Bang places strong constraints on the SMBH growth history, suggesting that these supermassive black holes may be born with large mass, or have a very rapid mass assembly, presumably by chaotic accretion. Follow-up results on selected sources suggest that they differ from normal populations in the correlation between infrared and radio emission. Their low source density implies that these objects are intrinsically rare, or are a short-lived phase in a more numerous population. If the latter is the case, these hot, dust-enshrouded galaxies may be an early stage in the interplay between accreting supermassive black holes and galaxies. |